[QUOTE=kfson;1010730]Are there different lessons and why should different schools of thought be formed around different lessons? Doesn’t this sound incomplete in the Buddha sense or not? Just wondering.[/QUOTE]
Think of it like different kinds of ice cream. You may prefer vanilla, some one else may prefer chocolate, a third may prefer a Ben and Jerry’s fancy schmancy mix, but they are all still ice cream!
Mahayana recognizes that all people have different talents, mental capacities, inclinations, etc. We are all individuals with different needs and abilities. The goal, then, is to get people “across to the other shore”. Mahayana understands that all people are individuals and that what is most important is “getting to the other shore” not whether everyone travels across in this boat, that boat, a surf board, or swim, etc.
So, some people are more intellectual, they may gain insight through philosophical reflection and/or perceiving the rationally paradoxical nature of existence. Another person may be more emotional by nature, but not all that bright intellectually. This type of person may be more inclined to devotional methods. Another person may be very active and have an inclination to “do things”, this person may serve others or ritualize flower arranging or sword practice or painting etc. as a means of cultivating themselves. Formalized ritual may be a preference for a person with little individual self-discipline or someone who just enjoys pomp and ceremony. And of course, there are those who adopt various combinations of these or drift into and out of different methods at different times.
Since Buddhism views life as a series of reincarnations a being may practice any number of different variations throughout innumerable lives. Each life drawing them closer to ultimate realization.
Zen/Chan recognizes the use of various methods. Zen adopts the use of expedient means, that is, whatever works for each individual is permissible. Yet Zens view is that, since all methods lead to the same realization, why not just directly perceive reality which IS the other shore, rather than muddy the water with innumerable methods that contribute to greater attachment.
So as LFJ mentioned, Zen seeks to discard methods. Its method is the method of no method. Stop TRYING to get to the other side and realize you are already THERE and have never left.
Since we are already THERE, there is nothing to do, nothing to learn, nothing to earn/gain, nothing to lose! We do not realize we are ALREADY THERE simply because we have confused ourselves by creating distinctions between phenomena. Once we create distinctions between phenomena we focus on the distinctions rather than the underlying IS-NESS that is the foundation of those distinctions. The distinctions ARE IS-NESS! So we spend our time looking for something we have never lost, we just dont realize that we have had it all along because we have confused our perception by over attachment to details/distinctions.
One metaphorical story used to describe this is used in one of the oldest known Chan documents:
It is like a man wearing a headband with a pearl on it. He has forgotten that is where his pearl is located, so he spends many years searching the world over looking for it. He cannot find it because he is looking in the wrong place. He is looking OUT THERE for something he has with him the whole time. In time he realizes that the pearl is right there in front of his face the whole time and that the time spent looking OUT THERE was unnecessary and a distraction. Searching (using the various methods of intellection, devotion, action, rituals, etc.) did not bring him to the realization that he had his pearl with him the whole time. He missed it because he was looking in the wrong place. Searching did him no good, because he never lost the pearl from the start.
The instruction here is that methods of searching cannot lead you to what is right in front of your face. All you need do is look and see clearly with unobstructed sight. It is a “realization” that occurs; it is not something you DO, PRACTICE, or EARN!