5 animals and Southern Styles

Greetings,

I would like to uderstand more the link between 5 animal theory, as apparently taught in Southern Shaolin Temples after Hennan Temple burned down in 1647, and Southern styles such as Hung Gar, Wing Chun Pei Mei, etc…

It appears that many of the Southern schools were indeed born out of this pool of Southern Shaolin teachings, which were already probably teaching different things in different regions of Southern China.

Each school in fact appears to have emphesised one animal or another: Pei Mei = tiger and leopard, Wing Chun = crane and snake, Hung gar = crane and (someone help me here) dragon, dragon = …dragon (!). I know nothing of SPM but maybe they as were inspired in some way by the 5 animal system.

My question to you all is:
a) is it fair to say that 90% of Southern styles such as those just mentioned come from this SOuthern Shaolin tradition?

b) if yes, did the theory of 5 animals have any bearing on their creation? (apparently it did in SOME cases)?

c) How come most schools do not integrate knowledge/theory of all 5 animals today, instead just super specialising in 1-2 types of techniques, thus perhaps missing out on some things?

As an opener: I have been told that certain Pei Mei practioners (the style which I practice) have serious health problems after a certain time if they practice intensely, because they practice certain postures/exercices linked to 1-2 animal principles in an exclusive fashion.

I hope someone can light lantern here…

Bon jour Eaz. I practice the Hg Ying Kyun (Wuxing Quan) from Hung Gar and it is my understanding that the set probably came from one of the sub temples around the southern Shaolin temple to Wong Fei Hung third or fourth generation. Wong Fei Hungs student Lam Sai Wing added the five elements.

Two things, I was taught that Bak Mei was actually all five animals, with emphasis on Dragon, and I believe the elemnts were always there, either from original Lo-Han Kuen , and the input of Wong Lam’s Lion’s Roar (Lama P’ai) any input?? Oh, and BTW, Hung-Ga is FIVE animal, Tiger Crane is a form that is popularly demonstrated due to it’s dynamic movements, but Hung-Ga is not Tiger and Crane style.

There are a lot of styles with a form or an element relating to 5 animals/elements. I’m thinking more along the lines of theory taught behind style as well.

Thank you for rmentioning about the form originating in South Shaolin temple.

5 animals in Pei Mei. I too thought that the 5 animals were CORPS CONCEPTS in the style. In fact on the altar in most schools shows the picture of Pei Mei
and the sentence, Pei Mei practiced Dragon, Snake and Crane but mastered Leopard and Tiger (very liberal translation). But then when I went out in the world I found other schools with this completely absent: New-York school, Ly Man Tak’s students from Hong Kong, and others.

The only time some people talk of 5 animals is just to say (and I am not understating its importance)that Tiger is such and such character, such and such attitude and that’s it basta. In no way is it apart of a global learning system.

ten tigers: I stand corrected.

The Bak Mei Couplet

May be it would help the discussion, if you’d define your five animals theory .

BTW, here something about the couplet by the alter which I had posted awhile back. I am not sure if that thread survived the forum change. Anyway, here it is

"The coulpet is then to illustrate that:

  1. Metaphysical aspects and internal teaching are “the essence” and are so hard to grasp that only the immortals can instruct the student when he is ready.
  2. The physical aspects (power, strength, forms, dispositions, etc.) are the external teachings, which Sifu can transmit in person.
    If we see a performance that seems to have all the power and the right movements but something is amiss, we know that the Sifu has done his best. It is the essence, which is missing. That is up to the student to learn the ultimate truth of the art. "

Some school of Bak Mei place more emphasis with the second half of the couplet, which is about the invaluable and tangible instructions that the Sifu can give; hence, out of context came the tiger & leopard emphasis. It is not wrong per se, just out of context that’s all. To each their own.

Mantis108

EAZ

Bonjour, mon ami. Your theory is an interesting one, Choy Lee Fut as a martial arts system was also greatly influenced by the Five Animals (Ng Ying) and it formed part of their core concepts. It would be fascinating to do a comparative study of the southern styles and see what part the animal forms played in their teaching curriculum. You may find the following 3 threads in the clfma.com forum worth reading:

http://www.clfma.com/viewtopic.php?topic=95&forum=1

http://www.clfma.com/viewtopic.php?topic=79&forum=1

http://www.clfma.com/viewtopic.php?topic=88&forum=1

Hi Guys

Another interesting thread, thanks EAZ.

Firstly, let me say that my Pak Mei, or at least what I am taught, doesn’t contain the 5 animals theory as part of its teaching, internal or external. I know many do, and hesitate to speak for all Guangzhou Pak Mei, but this is the teaching of my Sifu to me.

Secondly, my own interest in 5 Animals and Elements is not diminished intellectually, and I have a basic understanding. I have other exposures too, beyond my Sifu, another life, another time. (back when I was a kid).

So, I am ready to accept any refutation, in that this is the product of my own understanding and perspective, and limited it may be.

From the study of comparative literature, we learn that any language, any literature, carries with it not only the face value of the words, but a sense of the time in which it was written. Plurality of meaning is common in philosophical writing, and that allows each “age” to bring to the interpretation the trappings of that time. The Bible is one such example.

The men that developed these theories are removed by many hundreds of years and lived in a world with little science, little education and much superstision. I think we can all agree on that?

The Animals and Elements were their way to verbalise their interpretations of physical phenomena and imparting wisdom beyond that. Also a way of developing their own “intellectual property” and intimidating opponents.

We are not of that lifetime, yet there are lessons to be had from their wisdom, the question is, how much is what they meant, and how much is our interpretation based on our own experience and understanding from this time.

If I am not mistaken, the I Ching contains many of the same concepts that martial artists use in their interpretations, which would indicate to me that these concepts in general are the currency of the time, not necessarily the currency of any particular martial art, rather, each Sifu, in his way, took this common philosophical framework and used it to explain their own particular “lessons” to their students.

Fundamentally, all the animals are more or less the same across all the arts, from my experience. Not the applications, but the profiles. 5 animals were expaned to 12 or thereabouts later, as the arts grew more specialised, physically speaking. Metaphysically speaking, there are other lessons from the animals, such as nature, attitude, strategy.

Thus, Tiger might be vicious clawing techniques, rolled shoulders, or likewise, an attitude towards an opponent that assumed inferiority and fear and gave the practitioner a seething hunter’s predisposition. A very simple example.

Now, all that rambling on my own personal viewpoints in order to address your third point, mon ami.

We do a pattern called Ng Ying, 5 Animals. We do a number of other patterns that also use other “movements/techniques” that go beyond the Tiger or Leopard “class.” Agreed, Pak Mei is known for the Tiger and Leopard, but the practice, the forms if you will, contain examples of all animals, or at least how we do them. Generically speaking.

Now, the fighting is another story. Suffice to say, fighting like a Tiger doesn’t necessarily mean using Tiger techniques? Nes Pas?

Do you find these comments consistant with your Animals and Elements teaching or inconsistant?

Mantis108

Pleased to meet you, Meltdawn gives you high praise.

What is the couplet in its complete form?

I ask, because what you say makes total sense to me from my own physical experience in Pak Mei. In a manner of speaking, a practitioner “crosses the bridge” as some point, or gets lost searching. This is a phenomena known to us, but I’ve never heard it put as succinctly or even related back to the heritage of our art.

Secondly, your Pak Mei experience, is that with Sifu Lee Pai or one of his students?

Yay for legends

Just a little bit of legend to add to the fray, this is of course unprovable but it can be interesting as a story.

Apperently the monks of Shaolin were all taught all five animals but after there graduation if they stayed on they would then specialise in either one or two of the five.
Bak Mei is said to have studied Tiger and Leapord to the highest levels and Hung Hei Gwun was said to have focused tiger.
Fong Sai Yuk’s major was crane kung fu and his niece supposedly married Hung Hei Gwun which is where Hungs crane technique became further developed.
So in essence some of the styles these founders have created still bear some of the hall marks of there orginal source.
If you look at Hung [which i study] you can see a very heavy tiger flavor even in some of the other animals, particualy in terms of footwork and use of power. The whole five are certainly there in there own right but it was not untill later that they were properly developed. Hung Hei Gwuns signiture form Gung Gee is still heavily dominated by tiger kung fu.
Bak Mei has a heavy influence still from leapord, the power generation is similar and so is the mindset.

More legend than fact but interesting never the less, my theory would be that if this was the case then at some point each of the five animals must have been total systems in there own right and over time have been addapted by different styles to include each other so that they would have more options and an larger curriculum to suit different students with different mindsets.
I would love if this was the case to see some of the orginal forms from which the techniques have been taken.

MANY THANKS

Many many thanks to each of you for taking the time to reply. It very much helped. I find my point of view cosolidated by your statements. Your French is remarkable too :wink:

Jon: these legends you speak of I know of as well and there must be a grain of truth.

Thé chaud: Yes I understand all the points you make.

Joseph: thank you very much for the effort. All contained there is linked to global theory of martial arts that I am taught (not specific to Pei Mei) and thus a part of our curriculum.

Mantis108: Yes I think I know what you are talking about. This is a more advanced concept, dealing with internalising spirit of style if I understand correctly.

I guess what I am saying is:

Yi King = fundamental book of Chinese philosophy/thinking
Eastern Medecal theory and pracice = based on Yi King (and yes I know on Ayurvedic medecine but let us not get into that)
Chinese astrology, geomancy and Physiognomony based on medical theory and Yi King.
Martial arts (Shaolin included) comes from Eastern Medical theory and Yi King and bare hand fighting technics.

CONCLUSION
5 elements and 5 animals are part and parcel of complete othodox chinese martial arts training.

Anyways thanks all.

EAZ,

That was a nice summary. I really like your term “a global theory of martial arts”. I thought what we were talking about was just an Asian theory of martial arts.

Do you think there is a correlation between the Five Animals and the Five Elements? If there is, what Element is the Dragon, etc?

I also noticed that Hua Tou’s Five-Animal Play has the Tiger, Deer, Bear, Monkey and Bird as the Five Animals instead of the Dragon, Snake, Tiger, Leopard and Crane. Do you know if they are related in some way?

Just curious.

JosephX

Originally posted by extrajoseph
[B]EAZ,

That was a nice summary. I really like your term “a global theory of martial arts”. I thought what we were talking about was just an Asian theory of martial arts.

Do you think there is a correlation between the Five Animals and the Five Elements? If there is, what Element is the Dragon, etc?

I also noticed that Hua Tou’s Five-Animal Play has the Tiger, Deer, Bear, Monkey and Bird as the Five Animals instead of the Dragon, Snake, Tiger, Leopard and Crane. Do you know if they are related in some way?

Just curious.

JosephX [/B]

Of course I meant ASIAN theory of martial arts. …

I have clearly been taught that there is a correlation between animals and elements. The fact there some schools teach different animals for different animals is in fact related to Eastern medicine as best as I can tell, as there are 2+systems, some based on 5 elements plus 6th, ec.

Dragon = FIRE = SHEN = continuous pushing power etc…can’t really gointo it though here.

As to other 5 animals they are either a) related to another taoist principle as is the case of certain Chi Kung for example turtle breath etc. b) a combination of the initial 5.

Recap..

Hi Yum Cha, Eaz,

I am pleased to me you both. :slight_smile: I think I will address the fine posts that you have separately if you don’t mind.

First to Yum Cha,

“Pleased to meet you, Meltdawn gives you high praise.”

Pleased to meet you too. I think she’s being far too kind. :slight_smile: Thank you. :slight_smile: Your posts are very impressive as well.

“What is the couplet in its complete form?”

Here’s the recap in case you have missed it.

Bak Mei has quite a few poems and couplets. Here is one of my favorites.

“Immortal(s) instructs the Dragon, Serpent, and Crane.”

“Sfiu(s) transmits the Tiger and the leopard (forms)”

Please note that in Chinese the couplet was written with 7 characters on each phrase. The word “Ying” (forms) on the second phrase seemed to be redundant. Personally, I find it adds to the couplet a different dimension. IMO, it serves 2 purposes. I shall discuss it below.

Let’s take them apart:

Immortals: this shows the Taoist origin of the style and implies also the metaphysical facet of the art.

The Five animals:
Dragon is majestic in its “Shan” the perceptive spirit. (Feel your opponent)

Serpent is venomous in its “Sum” heart/mind. (Calculate your options)

Crane is airborn/graceful in its “Yi” the intent. (Dominate the fight at will)

The above show the metaphysical aspects and internal nature of the style.

Tiger is tyranious in its “Lik” the strength. (Command your opponent’s respect)

Leopard is fierce in its “Sai” the determination/dispositions. (strike terror into the core of your opponent’s very being)

The five animals show the Shaolin connection of Bak Mei.

Sifu and “Ying” imply physical aspects and external nature.

“Ying” also makes up the 7th Character.

The coulpet is than to illustrate that:

  1. Metaphysical aspects and internal teaching are “the essence” and are so hard to grasp that only the immortals can instruct the student when he is ready.

  2. The physical aspects (power, strength, forms, dispositions, etc.) are the external teachings, which Sifu can transmit in person.

If we see a performance that seems to have all the power and the right movements but something is amiss, we know that the Sifu has done his best. It is the essence, which is missing. That is up to the student to learn the ultimate truth of the art.

-end-

"I ask, because what you say makes total sense to me from my own physical experience in Pak Mei. In a manner of speaking, a practitioner “crosses the bridge” as some point, or gets lost searching. This is a phenomena known to us, but I’ve never heard it put as succinctly or even related back to the heritage of our art. "

Glad you see what is behind it. You are right that while some cross the bridge, many others lost it altogether. From a Taoist perspective that’s the “norm” . sigh I don’t know about other styles but the alter in Bak Mei has a very important roll besides being a place for honor and respects. It serves as a reminder to what Bak Mei represents and why, who, when, where, what, and how of practice. If you are keen enough you would “see” the whole purpose of training in front of you not just intellectually but holisticly as a whole person. Why this art in particular? why not others?

The horizontal writting “Fung” (wind) “Fou” (inverted fire) and “Yuen” (mansion) all means something. Yes, it is the same all over the board with all Bak Mei Kwoons. Adding the couplet, They cover the entirity of the essence of the training. It is a 3D booklet by itself. Paying homage to the alter, doesn’t mean that you are following a cult (like a lot of the westeners think) . In our case, you have acknowledged and accepted that Kung Fu (specificly Bak Mei) is your lifetime study (your Tao) . You are not there to play sports/passtime. You are there to learn as a human being and becoming an even better human being (at the very least). Through the teachings of the immortals and the Kwoon(marcocomos) and the efforts of Sifu plus yourself (mircocomos) you journey the chosen path BaK Mei Kung Fu. Your choice and path are clear. Your destintion reflects that. It is plain simple. Hope this clear things up a bit.

Secondly, your Pak Mei experience, is that with Sifu Lee Pai or one of his students?

My Sifu was the late Chow Fook. I am from one of the HK Lung Ying/Bak Mei Kwoon. And you?

5 Phases/Elements

Hi Eaz,

Since you are interested in 5 Phases (Elements), here is something I wrote on my forum. I have made another post about this on the Cyberkwoon forum as well. But can’t find it right now so, this will have to do for the time being. I know you have an interest in I Ching. So hope this will whet you appetit. :slight_smile:

"The 5ET associates the 5 major organs (Ying ones) with the four cardinal directions and the center in a cross pattern. On the South (top) North(bottom) axis, there are Heart/Brian and the kidneys. On the East(left) and West(right) axis, there are Liver(left), Spleen(center), and Lungs(right). The South-North axis is to illustrate the elevation signifying the growth of a Taoist practitioner. Where as the East-West axis is the lay person is like. Life (Time) is experienced as a flat duration and is linear in nature, for which east is birth and west is death (last breath of air). A person (basically everyone starts of the same way) needs to have blood, which is governed by the liver, Nutrition, which is governed by the spleen, and Air which is governed by the lungs to be able to live normally and healthly. But that is just the normal human being. For A Taoist he would cultivate the intrinsic energy which was part of his parents and now store within him/her after birth. This intrinsic energy is governed by the Kidneys (including the testicles for men) and also diminishes daily. During meditations (South-North axis illustrate this practice), where Time is experienced as moment (4D/spatial-temporal flux), This Pre-natal Chi is transported and is combined with the post-natal Chi (EW axis) and form the Jing (the essence) which is then further purified to Qi (the purified intrinsic enegry). Finally, the Chi become Shen (spirit) where it is resided at the heart/brian/mind. The Jing, Qi, Shen is also known as the three treasures of Taoism. In the most classical Taoist view, the treasures are but one. There are considered as one entity which appears in different forms. So a simple picture tells a long tale. :slight_smile:

Mantis108

Found it…

I found the post on the CK forum. Here it is

"Taoism worldview is holistic and organic. Ying/Yang theory and Five Elements theory make no particular sense in Western detached and mechanical worldview. How can the elements interact with each other without external forces? From the Eastern perspective, the elements are ecological systems or organisms, which naturally interacts with each and have life spans of their own. That’s the important concept of impermanence. They exist and Co-exist; furthermore, they are paradoxically independent and codependent. They also go through natural cycle of life and death or grow and decay. This life and death is more of a transformation than really cease to exist; hence the concept of reincarnation. There are 2 sets of the five elements (5ET) Charts. A modern one, which is highly likely a Ming dynasty innovation (CE 1368-1644), looks like a star pattern. The Five Elements chart in ancient Taoist texts looks something like a cross:

South/top/fire/heart

East/left/wood/liver ------- Center/earth/Spleen -------- West/metal/lungs

North/bottom/water/kidneys

sorry the drawing doesn’t work here

As we can see, there are a few relationship developed just by looking at the chart. The horizontal line is basic requirement for sustaining daily function in Chinese medicine. In human the Liver is to produce/regulate blood, Spleen is to process the essence of food, and Lungs is for breathing the all-important air. We must remember this is holistic in nature. This horizontal line also suggests that mortals’ lives are more or less a flat liner. The Vertical line, on the other hand, indicates that through the Taoist disciplines of celibacy, dieting, and meditations, the Taoist disciple elevates from humanity to immortality (of course this is theoretically speaking). However, it doesn’t mean that the horizontal line can be ignored. It is still an important platform for achieving a higher plateau.

The 5ET associates the 5 major organs (Ying ones) with the four cardinal directions and the center in a cross pattern. On the south-north axis (south on top and north on bottom), there are Heart/Brian and the kidneys. On the east-west axis (east is left and west is right), there are Liver(left), Spleen(center), and Lungs(right). The South-North axis is to illustrate the elevation signifying the growth of a Taoist practitioner; whereas, the East-West axis is the layperson is like. Life (Time) is experienced as a flat duration and is linear in nature, for which east is birth and west is death (last breath of air). This means time is understood as pass, present, and future for a common person who has no choice but to be reincarnated over and over again. A person (basically everyone starts of the same way) needs to have blood, which is governed by the liver, Nutrition, which is governed by the spleen, and Air which is governed by the lungs to be able to live normally and healthily. But that is just the normal human being. For A Taoist he would cultivate the intrinsic energy, which was part of his parents and now store within him/her after birth. This is known as pre-natal Qi. This intrinsic energy is governed by the Kidneys (including the testicles for men) and also diminishes daily. During meditations (South-North axis illustrate this practice), where Time is experienced as a moment (4D/spatial-temporal flux), This Pre-natal Qi is transported and is combined with the post-natal Chi (EW axis) and form the Jing (the essence), which is then further purified to Qi (the purified intrinsic enegry). Finally, the Qi becomes Shen (spirit) where it is resided at the heart/brian/mind. The Jing, Qi, Shen is also known as the three treasures of Taoism. In the most classical Taoist view, the treasures are but one. There are considered as one entity, which appears in different forms. So a simple picture tells a long tale."

Enjoy.

Mantis108

Mantis 108,

You have given some great explanations on the 5 Elements. Thank You. Base on what you said, can you give us a correlation between the 5 Elements and the 5 Animals? I can’t figure out guohuen’s combinations using your theory. Instead I got:

Dragon = Shen (Spirit) = Fire = Heart = South
Snake = Chi = Earth = Spleen = Centre
Crane = Jing (Essence) = Water = Kidney = North
Leopard = Lik (Strength)= Wood = Liver = East
Tiger = Sai (or Gwak - Bone) = Metal = Lung = West

The first three are prenatal (or metphysical) and the last two post natal (or physical) with the Snake in the centre integrating the two. It makes sense if you consider the vertical (N/S) axis as Taoist esoteric practice of reversal of the Water and Fire. It also makes sense along the horizontal axis (E/W) as birth is the seed of death (with depletion of Chi as we get older) and strength is based on the configuration of the bone structure coupled with Chi in the middle, which further reinforced the importance of Chi in Kung Fu and health of the body and mind. Now I better go and practice my Snake form!

Yours and others comments would be greatly appreciated.

JosephX

5 Animals and 5 Phases

Hi Josephx,

I believe a lot of people tried to make the correlation of Shaolin 5 Animals to the Taoist 5 Phases (Elements). Frankly, there isn’t a correlation.

Shaolin 5 animals were developed under a different set of circumstances (i.e. reintroduction the martial heritage back to Shaolin temple during the Yuen dynasty.)

Taoist 5 Phases theories (5PT) were develop to satify most if not all aspects and needs of Chinese society (ie cosmology, medicine, military science, etc…)

In other words 5PTs are more profound that just personal combat matters. There are indeed 5 animals (dragon/east, tiger/west, pheonix/south, snake+turtle/north and 2 others animals/middle)associated with the 5PTs. Although some of them are similar to the Shaolin 5 animals, they are not indentical at all. These 2 sets of animals are used for different purposes. I won’t get into the details here because that’s a bit esoteric. Also, Buddhist traditions have their own approaches to deal with things their way. They don’t need 5PTs to support what they do. Just like the Taoist won’t need the Buddhist neither. However, they are competable in many aspects naturally. So while it is nice that they are similar, they don’t have to match exactly.

The Shaolin 5 animals are used in Bak Mei to reflect the Shaolin martial facet of the art. Besides it is much more easy to grasp than a bunch of Taoist Jargons. For the depth of the art, one will then have to dwell into the Taoist teaching. This is why Bak Mei is so ingeniously intriguing. One could take as little as one wants or go all the way with this art that blends the essence of Buddhist and Taoist traditions. Hope this clears it up for you. :slight_smile:

Mantis108

Hmm… That is what Sifu Choy said as well:

“As far as I know, there is no strict correlation between the Five Elements and the Five Animals…”

Now it all make sense, thanks Mantis 108.

Sup Ying Kuen

Five Animals and Five elements
This is an advanced form of Hung Ga and uses each, there is a relation between different animals and different elements but im not exact enough on that to give out information.
Also as guohuen just stated they work in a distruction cycle.

Well said Mantis

Thanks Mantis, you have given me many puzzle pieces where I had only logical conclusions, and it makes an interesting picture. I am in your debt.

I won’t say I understand it all, but there is understanding to seek, and perhaps it will come to me.

EAZ, FT, how does this mesh with your understanding? Comments?

My Sifu Leung Yuk Seng was a student of Leung Sui Hoy (no relationship). I know my Sifu knew your Sifu Chau Fook well, he has mentioned him several times. There is more on our website, see my profile.

Guohuen,

You said earlier:
“Tiger-metal, leopard-fire, dragon-water, snake-earth and crane-wood.”

And you also said now:
“I learned the animals and the elements as the destruction cycle. Fire destroys metal, metal destroys wood, wood destroys earth, earth destroys water and water destroys fire.”

Does that mean leopard destroys tiger, tiger destroys crane, crane destroys snake, snake, destroys dragon and dragon destroys leopard? In a physical or metaphysical sense or both?

Why the destruction cycle and not the nourishing cycle? I thought the Ng Ying Kuen is meant to cultivate (and not to destroy) the shen (dragon), the bone (tiger), the strength (leopard), the chi (snake) and the jing (crane).

Mantis 108,

Earlier you said:
“Tiger is tyrannous in its “Lik” the strength.”

I thought Leopard trains the Lik or strength and Tiger the Gwak or Bone. Have I missing something here? You also used the word Sai for Gwak, do they mean the same thing?

JosephX