Hi Doktormartini,
Everything you do, see, feel, think and experience is a projection of your mind. It is our mind that perceives filters, analyzes, categorizes, and interprets all phenomena and experiences. Without our mind we would not perceive any phenomena or experience. The mind is the most integral human attribute. To understand the functions of the mind and to be able to utilize those functions more effectively would be the greatest benefit an individual could acquire.
There are many types of meditative practices and each has a different purpose, but most of them provide a common thread of benefit with additional side benefits. Think of the different aerobic activities you could perform, from running to swimming to cross country skiing, rowing, etc. All provide aerobic benefit, but each exercises the muscles differently, so they do not provide exactly the same result. They are similar, but different. The same applies to meditative practices.
The mind, like a muscle, improves its function with exercise. Meditation is exercise for the mind. Since all of our experiences are filtered through the mind all exercises or activities that improve its functions such as ability to reason, ability to perceive, ability to concentrate, etc. will improve our life and experiences.
Any activity that exercises the mind could be called meditation. Most people consider meditation merely sitting quietly and focusing the mind using various techniques. This is a narrow understanding of the mind and its functions. The mind is versatile and many faceted just like the body. So just and one may exercise the body, for strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility and agility, the mind can be exercised for various functions.
To start simply, the mind has the ability to look outward towards the world or inward towards itself. It can focus broadly or expansively and narrowly or focused. Different forms of meditative practices exercise these different functions. So, just as you would stretch to develop flexibility, but run to develop aerobic capacity, you would use a specific type of meditative exercise to develop specific mental capacities.
If I was approached and asked to devise an exercise program for someone I would ask questions such as, “What are your fitness goals? How much time do you have to exercise?” etc. The same applies to meditation. What is it you wish to accomplish?
It seems to me, from your post, you are most interested in getting a general introduction to meditation and to understand its general benefits, that is, find a reason to continue. Kind of like, “So what’s the big deal about this meditation thing?” Therefore, it is best to start with a basic form of meditation.
The simplest method of meditation is to sit comfortably or lie down, (If you lie down you may fall asleep, though.) and take about 10 ten relaxing breathes attempting to breath deeply and rhythmically from your stomach. That is, not raising your shoulders to breathe, but expanding your stomach outward with the inhalation and bringing it inward with the exhalation. Once you have taken a few minutes to sort of synchronize yourself, merely count your breaths to ten. Once you get to ten, start over from one and count to ten again. Continue for 5-10 minutes at first and with practice increase the time as desired. It sounds simple, but you will find that it is more difficulty than you think. Your mind will begin to wander and you will find yourself daydreaming or thinking about something else. Just gently bring your concentration back to your breathing. Don’t get frustrated or discouraged when your mind seems to continually wander, it takes time and practice just as all skills do.
This is generally considered the most basic beginners meditative exercise. What makes it difficult is you are consciously attempting to focus your mind on a specific thing. The fact is we do this same thing everyday with other activities, such as watching TV or if you play a musical instrument, while practicing, studying for a test or playing chess, even playing a computer game. Anytime we are totally focused on something we are in a meditative state. But since we are not considering it an exercise we don’t think of it as anything special. The zone that is talked about when an athlete is really on his game is a form of meditative state. So try not to complicate the exercise of breath counting by thinking of it as boring, or thinking of it as hard, etc. Try not to label the activity at all. The label you give it will affect the exercise by programming your attitude ahead of time and color the experience with that attitude.
If you like incense or sitting in a special chair or wearing special clothing that can be beneficial. Music is another thing. It can be helpful or a hindrance depending upon what meditative practice you choose to do. Generally, it will probably be easier without music to distract your concentration, but it is not a strict rule because we are all different. It may work for you so you may want to try it.
When using incense or sitting in the same chair or wearing the same clothing, and even things like meditating in the same position and at the same time of day, you are creating a ritual for yourself. The purpose of ritual is that it programs your mind to respond automatically to the stimuli. In this case the stimuli are the incense, the clothing, the chair, etc. By always using the same patterns or rituals your mind becomes accustomed to the patterns you have established and it becomes easier to reach a meditative state. This is the purpose of all rituals. So if you would like to ritualize your meditation practice it can be helpful but, you should only use these items for the meditation. That maintains the special mental associations you will have with the ritual. If you use the items for everyday activities it is not that you will not be able to meditate, however the programmed responses you are attempting to instill into your subconscious will not be as effective.
I hope this is helpful to you,