And a resident Buddhist (yeah so I’m not a very good Buddhist but still) practicing in China takes the plate.
Buddhism is a religion.  It’s a very flexible religion and it is capable of co-existing with other religions… often even in the same brain.  This aside it is correct to call Buddhism a religion.
Much of the information I have read on Buddhism in general and Chan in particular
What separates Ch’an / Zen from other branches of buddhism is a few core tennants…
1: The tennant of the unspoken transmission of dharma.
It was said that certain components of the teaching could not be transmitted through words.  Shakyamuni Buddha communicated these teachings to certain, more intuitive, students and these teachings eventually passed to Damo who brought them to China.  See: The flower story for details on the unspoken transmission of the dharma.
2: The idea of sudden enlightenment.
Although the potential for sudden enlightenment is present in many forms of mahayana buddhism it is particularly strong in ch’an / zen.  A person IS capable of a moment of revelation in which they become enlightened, much like Gautama Siddhartha.
3: The idea of hard work.
Whether it’s gong fu, zen gardens or simply a rigorous schedule of meditation ch’an / zen does not believe that all you have to do is recite the name of the correct past-cycle buddha to achieve liberation.  Rather you have to work really hard to get there.
Again this can be related to the story of Gautama Siddhartha.  He was enlightened in a single night but he spend years before that seeking enlightenment.
concerns various subjects such as Reincarnation
It’s funny how misunderstood the whole reincarnation / rebirth thing is.  Will Simon B. McNeil ever be reincarnated as a rabbit or another person or anything of the sort?  Heck no!  There is no Simon B. McNeil.
See one of the original theological disputes between Buddhism and Hinduism was over reincarnation / rebirth.
Hindus believed that there was a quality within people called Atman…  It’s sort of like the soul.  Buddhists believed that the distinctions between two “individuals” were illusions and that what existed was not Atman but rather Anatman… literally not-atman.  Buddhism does contain the idea of rebirth but I find that the best metaphor to explain it is as follows:
If I light one candle and then I take that candle and I use it to light another when I extinguish the first candle its flame has not died.
Sorry for the allegorical method of dissertation but it’s a difficult concept to approach otherwise.
, Nirvana (as a state of mind of course.)
The state of liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth is part and parcel with enlightenment.  But it’s more a state of (no)mind.
gods, goddesses, etc.
Whichever ones were common to the area before Buddhism got there… including the hebrew god.  Too bad the romans mucked it all up.
Somehow, I think the Buddhist practitioners in Asia tend to take it much more seriously than the typical “hipster” view on it. “Wow, check me out, I’m meditating. Aren’t I all cool and transcendental? Look, I’m a vegetarian! That makes me really deep. Right? Right???”
Funny thing is that most of the “buddhists” over this way probably wouldn’t say “I’m a vegetarian.”  They might or might not eat less meat than most but the vow to eat no meat is one for monks to take, not laity.