Yoga primer
First of all, there are 8 Yogas identified by Patanjali in the Yoga sutras:
Bhakti Yoga: The path of love and devotion to God. By constant love, thought, and service of the Divine, the practitioner transcends their limited personality and attains a cosmic consciousness. The path of devotion can be practiced by everyone. All that is needed is faith and constant loving remembrance of God.
Hatha Yoga: (literally Sun & Moon or ‘perfect balance’ yoga) Bodily postures (asanas), breath control (pranayamas), and physical cleansing (Kriyas) all help to create a supple and relaxed body. Practitioners of Hatha Yoga experience increased vitality, renewed flexibility, and radiant health.
Japa Yoga: is a part of Raja Yoga. Japa means repetition of a mantra, or chant. The words are unimportant to a Japa practitioner; rather the sound created by the words which represents an aspect of the Divine vibration. Continual repetition of the mantra produces a vibration within the practitioner’s entire system and puts the individual in tune with the Divine Vibration.
Jnana Yoga: The path of wisdom. This consists of self-analysis and awareness. The practitioner gains knowledge of the self by ceasing to identify with the body, mind, and ego. Instead, completely identifying with the divinity within oneself and within all things, realizing oneness.
Karma Yoga: Action through selfless service. The performance of duty without attachment or desire for the results of action. Practitioners of the Karma Yoga philosophy realize a purified mind, and become an instrument of the Divine plan.
Laya Yoga: Energy work. This popular meditation style of Yoga makes one aware of the “coiled snake†of energy within them Laya focuses on the seven chakras. Practitioners learn of each chakra, and how to drive energy through them. Laya’s most popular variation is Kundalini Yoga.
Raja Yoga: Meditation and control of the mind. This is based on moral and ethical perfection, and control of the senses, which leads to a state where the mind can be stilled from its thoughts. When the mind is calm, pure bliss is achieved.
Tantra Yoga: The word tantra literally means ‘expansion.’ A tantra yogi concentrates on expanding all levels of his or her consciousness to unveil and realize the Supreme Reality. True tantra yoga is a pure path, but it has been abused by some self-proclaimed adherents. Tantra yoga is not concerned with sexuality, but with the creative force and transmuting this energy into higher channels.
The Yoga you’re likely the most interested in is Hatha Yoga (I personally practice Hatha, Raja, Jnana, and Karma Yoga). Hatha Yoga has been broken into several schools. These schools all come from students of great Swamis (like Sivananda) who were sent out into the world to teach yoga. As time wore on, each developed a system that their successors have followed and perfected. I’ll hit the 5 most popular, and mean no disrespect to anyone practicing another variation of Hatha Yoga…
Ashtanga Yoga: Also called Power Yoga. Ashtanga is a strength & fitness style, with intense stretching in most of the poses. It’s important to find an experienced teacher who understands the specifics of the poses (read: not someone who graduated from a weekend seminar, and got picked up by a health club) so that you can avoid injury.
Bikram Yoga: This style was founded by Bikram Choudhury. He grew up in Calcutta, and now lives in LA. He likes his Yoga HOT. Practicing in a room that is between 98.6 to 100 degrees F (did I mention he’s from Calcutta) to stimulate the muscles to stretch further. I’ve never done Bikram Yoga (unless my AC was broken
), but this type of practice can be a little dangerous if you’re not used to the heat. Again, find a QUALIFIED instructor.
Iyengar Yoga: This tradition, founded by BKS Iyengar, is based on precision in body alignment. Iyengar is one of the most popular styles, and has only recently been beaten by Ashtanga in popularity. These guys are the ones who developed the famous Yoga mats, blocks, and belts for practice.
Traditional Yoga: Although the other styles do have a spiritual basis, I lump all those with a very strong spiritual foundation under traditional. The majority of these styles incorporate the other more spiritual or esoteric Yogas into their Hatha practice. Sivananda Yoga and Integral Yoga are two good examples.
Viniyoga: Viniyoga emphasizes individual development. It takes into account the needs and abilities of the individual student and adapts the yoga to the student. This is the strongest influence to my Yoga teaching style…
You can pretty much type any of these into a search engine and get two or three sites devoted to the styles. In the end, each of the individual Hatha Yoga styles have the same goal: A healthy flexible body.
Namaste!
Without going outside, you may know the whole world.
Without looking through the window, you may see the ways of heaven.
The farther you go, the less you know.
–Lao Tsu